Solar timber kilns: State of the art and foreseeable developments

Silicon solar cells: state of the art.

The vast majority of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells produced to date have been based on silicon wafers, with this dominance likely to continue well into the future. The surge in manufacturing volume over the last decade has resulted in greatly decreased costs. Multiple companies are now well below the US$1 W⁻¹ module manufacturing cost benchmark that was once regarded as the lowest possible with...

Cryocoolers: the state of the art and recent developments.

Cryocooler performance and reliability are continually improving. Consequently, they are more and more frequently implemented by physicists in their laboratory experiments or for commercial and space applications. The five kinds of cryocoolers most commonly used to provide cryogenic temperatures for various applications are the Joule-Thomson, Brayton, Stirling, Gifford-McMahon, and pulse tube c...

Scalable QoS: state-of-the-art architectural solutions and developments

Sterolomics: State of the art, developments, limitations and challenges☆

Sterolomics can be thought of as the quantitative determination of the entire complement of molecules based on the cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene skeleton in a system. Mass spectrometry is the dominant analytical technology employed. In this article we highlight some pitfalls in analysis, data interpretation and annotation. We give our opinion on how some of these pitfalls can best be avoided...

Score Following: State of the Art and New Developments

Score following is the synchronisation of a computer with a performer playing a known musical score. It now has a history of about twenty years as a research and musical topic, and is an ongoing project at Ircam. We present an overview of existing and historical score following systems, followed by fundamental definitions and terminology, and considerations about score formats, evaluation of sc...